Melanoma today represents the most relevant dermatologic disorder with the worst diagnosis if not quickly detected. In Italy, in recent years, the incidence of melanoma has yearly increased on average by 5-7 percent, just like it happens in North European populations, and in particular in Caucasian populations. Mortality has shown a yearly increase of 1-2 percent as well. We can therefore talk of a real “melanoma epidemic”. In this manual, the different aspects of the problem are analyzed in full, with particular attention paid to prevention, epidemiology and clinics, and with the reviews of the most important specialists of this field.